DISTANCES TO NEARBY STARS
AND THEIR MOTIONS:
An Introductory Astronomy Lab


Java Visualization Page

This demonstration allows you to explore the geometry of stellar parallaxes and proper motions by allowing you to 'look down' (or around!) a simulated model of the orbiting Earth, a nearby star, and a field of distant stars. You are able to adjust many of the system parameters, such as the distance to the star, the size of the Earth's orbit, and the speed of the star.

System requirements: This portion requires a Java 1.1 enabled browser, such as Microsoft's Internet Explorer 4.0 and above. Netscape does not yet support the latest version of the Java language and will therefore be unable to run this package.


Instructions of use

Once the applet stops loading, you should see an edge-on view of the Earth's orbit (which will initially look a horizontal line) surrounded by a square box.

  • The circle represents the orbit of the Earth, with the sun in the middle.
  • The dots on the opposite side represent a field of distant stars
  • The straight line connects the Earth to the foreground star and continues until it pierces the star field
  • The wiggly line represents the apparent motion of the star as seen by an observer on the Earth.
  • The box represents....nothing, really.
  • To Start/Stop the Animation
    Click on the 'Start' button to animate the Earth's orbital motion; its label will change to 'Stop'. Click on it again to stop/pause the animation.

    To change the viewing angle / orbit orientation
    Hold down the left mouse button while moving it around the screen (drag); let go once the orientation is to your liking. Click on the 'Change Inclination' button to adjust the orientation of the Earth's orbit; click on the same button (now labeled 'Change View Angle') to go back to adjust viewing angle.

    To draw a line between Earth and star
    Click on the 'Laser On' button to draw a line connecting the Earth to the star as well as the projected path of the star onto the distant star field. Click on 'Laser Off' to turn off this feature; the image of the star will now be displayed on the distant star field.

    To change the distance to the star
    Click on the arrows next to the 'Distance' label.

    To change the size of the Earth's orbit
    Click on the arrows next to the 'Orbit Size' label.

    To change the star's transverse speed (proper motion)
    Click on 'Proper Motion On' to start the star's motion; click on 'Proper Motion Off' to halt the star.


    What to do

    We want you to play with the demo by changing the parameters, and notice what effect they have on the observed position of the foreground star. Specifically, answer the following:

    Load the JAVA demo