Viewing contents of file '../idllib/idl_5.2/lib/curvefit.pro'
; $Id: curvefit.pro,v 1.20.6.1 1999/01/16 16:38:23 scottm Exp $
;
; Copyright (c) 1982-1999, Research Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
; Unauthorized reproduction prohibited.
;
FUNCTION CURVEFIT, x, y, weights, a, sigma, FUNCTION_NAME = Function_Name, $
ITMAX=itmax, ITER=iter, TOL=tol, CHI2=chi2, $
NODERIVATIVE=noderivative, CHISQ=chisq
;+
; NAME:
; CURVEFIT
;
; PURPOSE:
; Non-linear least squares fit to a function of an arbitrary
; number of parameters. The function may be any non-linear
; function. If available, partial derivatives can be calculated by
; the user function, else this routine will estimate partial derivatives
; with a forward difference approximation.
;
; CATEGORY:
; E2 - Curve and Surface Fitting.
;
; CALLING SEQUENCE:
; Result = CURVEFIT(X, Y, Weights, A, SIGMA, FUNCTION_NAME = name, $
; ITMAX=ITMAX, ITER=ITER, TOL=TOL, /NODERIVATIVE)
;
; INPUTS:
; X: A row vector of independent variables. This routine does
; not manipulate or use values in X, it simply passes X
; to the user-written function.
;
; Y: A row vector containing the dependent variable.
;
; Weights: A row vector of weights, the same length as Y.
; For no weighting,
; Weights(i) = 1.0.
; For instrumental (Gaussian) weighting,
; Weights(i)=1.0/sigma(i)^2
; For statistical (Poisson) weighting,
; Weights(i) = 1.0/y(i), etc.
;
; A: A vector, with as many elements as the number of terms, that
; contains the initial estimate for each parameter. IF A is double-
; precision, calculations are performed in double precision,
; otherwise they are performed in single precision. Fitted parameters
; are returned in A.
;
; KEYWORDS:
; FUNCTION_NAME: The name of the function (actually, a procedure) to
; fit. IF omitted, "FUNCT" is used. The procedure must be written as
; described under RESTRICTIONS, below.
;
; ITMAX: Maximum number of iterations. Default = 20.
; ITER: The actual number of iterations which were performed
; TOL: The convergence tolerance. The routine returns when the
; relative decrease in chi-squared is less than TOL in an
; interation. Default = 1.e-3.
; CHI2: The value of chi-squared on exit (obselete)
;
; CHISQ: The value of reduced chi-squared on exit
; NODERIVATIVE: IF this keyword is set THEN the user procedure will not
; be requested to provide partial derivatives. The partial
; derivatives will be estimated in CURVEFIT using forward
; differences. IF analytical derivatives are available they
; should always be used.
;
; OUTPUTS:
; Returns a vector of calculated values.
; A: A vector of parameters containing fit.
;
; OPTIONAL OUTPUT PARAMETERS:
; Sigma: A vector of standard deviations for the parameters in A.
;
; COMMON BLOCKS:
; NONE.
;
; SIDE EFFECTS:
; None.
;
; RESTRICTIONS:
; The function to be fit must be defined and called FUNCT,
; unless the FUNCTION_NAME keyword is supplied. This function,
; (actually written as a procedure) must accept values of
; X (the independent variable), and A (the fitted function's
; parameter values), and return F (the function's value at
; X), and PDER (a 2D array of partial derivatives).
; For an example, see FUNCT in the IDL User's Libaray.
; A call to FUNCT is entered as:
; FUNCT, X, A, F, PDER
; where:
; X = Variable passed into CURVEFIT. It is the job of the user-written
; function to interpret this variable.
; A = Vector of NTERMS function parameters, input.
; F = Vector of NPOINT values of function, y(i) = funct(x), output.
; PDER = Array, (NPOINT, NTERMS), of partial derivatives of funct.
; PDER(I,J) = DErivative of function at ith point with
; respect to jth parameter. Optional output parameter.
; PDER should not be calculated IF the parameter is not
; supplied in call. IF the /NODERIVATIVE keyword is set in the
; call to CURVEFIT THEN the user routine will never need to
; calculate PDER.
;
; PROCEDURE:
; Copied from "CURFIT", least squares fit to a non-linear
; function, pages 237-239, Bevington, Data Reduction and Error
; Analysis for the Physical Sciences. This is adapted from:
; Marquardt, "An Algorithm for Least-Squares Estimation of Nonlinear
; Parameters", J. Soc. Ind. Appl. Math., Vol 11, no. 2, pp. 431-441,
; June, 1963.
;
; "This method is the Gradient-expansion algorithm which
; combines the best features of the gradient search with
; the method of linearizing the fitting function."
;
; Iterations are performed until the chi square changes by
; only TOL or until ITMAX iterations have been performed.
;
; The initial guess of the parameter values should be
; as close to the actual values as possible or the solution
; may not converge.
;
; EXAMPLE: Fit a function of the form f(x) = a * exp(b*x) + c to
; sample pairs contained in x and y.
; In this example, a=a(0), b=a(1) and c=a(2).
; The partials are easily computed symbolicaly:
; df/da = exp(b*x), df/db = a * x * exp(b*x), and df/dc = 1.0
;
; Here is the user-written procedure to return F(x) and
; the partials, given x:
;
; pro gfunct, x, a, f, pder ; Function + partials
; bx = exp(a(1) * x)
; f= a(0) * bx + a(2) ;Evaluate the function
; IF N_PARAMS() ge 4 THEN $ ;Return partials?
; pder= [[bx], [a(0) * x * bx], [replicate(1.0, N_ELEMENTS(f))]]
; end
;
; x=findgen(10) ;Define indep & dep variables.
; y=[12.0, 11.0,10.2,9.4,8.7,8.1,7.5,6.9,6.5,6.1]
; Weights=1.0/y ;Weights
; a=[10.0,-0.1,2.0] ;Initial guess
; yfit=curvefit(x,y,Weights,a,sigma,function_name='gfunct')
; print, 'Function parameters: ', a
; print, yfit
; end
;
; MODIFICATION HISTORY:
; Written, DMS, RSI, September, 1982.
; Does not iterate IF the first guess is good. DMS, Oct, 1990.
; Added CALL_PROCEDURE to make the function's name a parameter.
; (Nov 1990)
; 12/14/92 - modified to reflect the changes in the 1991
; edition of Bevington (eq. II-27) (jiy-suggested by CreaSo)
; Mark Rivers, U of Chicago, Feb. 12, 1995
; - Added following keywords: ITMAX, ITER, TOL, CHI2, NODERIVATIVE
; These make the routine much more generally useful.
; - Removed Oct. 1990 modification so the routine does one iteration
; even IF first guess is good. Required to get meaningful output
; for errors.
; - Added forward difference derivative calculations required for
; NODERIVATIVE keyword.
; - Fixed a bug: PDER was passed to user's procedure on first call,
; but was not defined. Thus, user's procedure might not calculate
; it, but the result was THEN used.
;
; Steve Penton, RSI, June 1996.
; - Changed SIGMAA to SIGMA to be consistant with other fitting
; routines.
; - Changed CHI2 to CHISQ to be consistant with other fitting
; routines.
; - Changed W to Weights to be consistant with other fitting
; routines.
; _ Updated docs regarding weighing.
;
;-
ON_ERROR,2 ;Return to caller IF error
;Name of function to fit
IF n_elements(function_name) LE 0 THEN function_name = "FUNCT"
IF n_elements(tol) EQ 0 THEN tol = 1.e-3 ;Convergence tolerance
IF n_elements(itmax) EQ 0 THEN itmax = 20 ;Maximum # iterations
type = size(a)
type = type[type[0]+1]
double = type EQ 5
IF (type ne 4) AND (type ne 5) THEN a = float(a) ;Make params floating
; IF we will be estimating partial derivatives THEN compute machine
; precision
IF keyword_set(NODERIVATIVE) THEN BEGIN
res = machar(DOUBLE=double)
eps = sqrt(res.eps)
ENDIF
nterms = n_elements(a) ; # of parameters
nfree = n_elements(y) - nterms ; Degrees of freedom
IF nfree LE 0 THEN message, 'Curvefit - not enough data points.'
flambda = 0.001 ;Initial lambda
diag = lindgen(nterms)*(nterms+1) ; Subscripts of diagonal elements
; Define the partial derivative array
IF double THEN pder = dblarr(n_elements(y), nterms) $
ELSE pder = fltarr(n_elements(y), nterms)
;
FOR iter = 1, itmax DO BEGIN ; Iteration loop
; Evaluate alpha and beta matricies.
IF keyword_set(NODERIVATIVE) THEN BEGIN
; Evaluate function and estimate partial derivatives
CALL_PROCEDURE, Function_name, x, a, yfit
FOR term=0, nterms-1 DO BEGIN
p = a ; Copy current parameters
; Increment size for forward difference derivative
inc = eps * abs(p[term])
IF (inc EQ 0.) THEN inc = eps
p[term] = p[term] + inc
CALL_PROCEDURE, function_name, x, p, yfit1
pder[0,term] = (yfit1-yfit)/inc
ENDFOR
ENDIF ELSE BEGIN
; The user's procedure will return partial derivatives
call_procedure, function_name, x, a, yfit, pder
ENDELSE
IF nterms EQ 1 THEN pder = reform(pder, n_elements(y), 1)
beta = (y-yfit)*Weights # pder
alpha = transpose(pder) # (Weights # (fltarr(nterms)+1)*pder)
; save current values of return parameters
sigma1 = sqrt( 1.0 / alpha[diag] ) ; Current sigma.
sigma = sigma1
chisq1 = total(Weights*(y-yfit)^2)/nfree ; Current chi squared.
chisq = chisq1
yfit1 = yfit
done_early = chisq1 LT total(abs(y))/1e7/NFREE
IF done_early THEN GOTO, done
c = sqrt(alpha[diag])
c = c # c
lambdaCount = 0
REPEAT BEGIN
lambdaCount = lambdaCount + 1
; Normalize alpha to have unit diagonal.
array = alpha / c
; Augment the diagonal.
array[diag] = array[diag]*(1.+flambda)
; Invert modified curvature matrix to find new parameters.
IF n_elements(array) EQ 1 THEN array = (1.0 / array) $
ELSE array = invert(array)
b = a + array/c # transpose(beta) ; New params
call_procedure, function_name, x, b, yfit ; Evaluate function
chisq = total(Weights*(y-yfit)^2)/nfree ; New chisq
sigma = sqrt(array[diag]/alpha[diag]) ; New sigma
IF (finite(chisq) EQ 0) OR $
(lambdaCount GT 30 AND chisq GE chisq1) THEN BEGIN
; Reject changes made this iteration, use old values.
yfit = yfit1
sigma = sigma1
chisq = chisq1
message, 'Failed to converge', /INFORMATIONAL
GOTO, done
ENDIF
flambda = flambda*10. ; Assume fit got worse
ENDREP UNTIL chisq LE chisq1
flambda = flambda/100.
a=b ; Save new parameter estimate.
IF ((chisq1-chisq)/chisq1) LE tol THEN GOTO,done ;Finished?
ENDFOR ;iteration loop
;
MESSAGE, 'Failed to converge', /INFORMATIONAL
;
done: chi2 = chisq ; Return chi-squared (chi2 obsolete-still works)
IF done_early THEN iter = iter - 1
return,yfit ; return result
END